Giza and the Grand Egyptian Museum next to it are the fixed points; Saqqara, Fustat and Islamic Cairo are what you add once you realise the pyramids take half a day rather than two.
Grand Egyptian Museum
The new museum beside the Giza plateau, holding the Tutankhamun galleries, the main galleries, the Grand Hall and Staircase and Khufu's boats. Galleries run 09:00–18:00 most days and 09:00–21:00 on Wednesdays and Saturdays, last entry an hour before close; tickets are timed, single-entry and non-refundable, and are sold only through the museum's own booking site.
Giza Plateau
Open daily 08:00–16:00. The Ministry's general foreign-visitor ticket is EGP 700 (EGP 350 student) and does not include going inside anything: entering the Great Pyramid of Khufu is a further EGP 1,000, Khafre EGP 280, and the tomb of Meresankh III and the Workers' Cemetery are also extra. Vehicles are charged separately, EGP 25 for a car or taxi.
Saqqara
The necropolis of Memphis, 40 km southwest of Cairo, open daily 08:00–16:00. General foreign entry is EGP 600; the Step Pyramid of Djoser interior is EGP 280 and the Serapeum's Apis bull galleries EGP 340, or an inclusive ticket covering everything plus the Imhotep Museum is EGP 1,400. Emptier than Giza and, for the Third Dynasty, more interesting.
National Museum of Egyptian Civilization
In Fustat on El-Fustat Road at Ein Elsira, nearest metro Mar Gerges. Open Saturday to Thursday 09:00–17:00 with last tickets at 16:00, and Friday in two sessions, 09:00–17:00 and 18:00–21:00. The Royal Mummies Gallery is the reason to come — a dim, purpose-built room holding the pharaohs moved here from Tahrir. Ministry price for foreign adults is EGP 500.
Citadel of Salah al-Din
The medieval fortress on the Muqattam spur above the city, holding the nineteenth-century Mosque of Muhammad Ali with its Ottoman-style domes and the terrace that gives the standard view over Cairo, plus several museums inside the walls. Ministry entry for foreign adults is EGP 550, EGP 275 for foreign students.